Costerton and Cheng first used the term ‘biofilm’ in the 1970s. Although since then, the definition of a biofilm has...

Unfortunately, so many people only get professional skin treatments when they have a special event coming up or when they’re...

The fact is that we start ageing during our early 20’s. The ageing process is gradual and therefore we don’t...

When it comes to performing treatments that involve triggering the inflammation or the wound healing response, it is important we...

I am sure we have all felt the stress that has been bestowed upon us in the last two years,...

Inflammation is undoubtedly one of the major factors involved in acne, and the generation of an inflammatory reaction seems to...

There is a possibility that combinations of hormonal activity could cause hyperpigmentation. For instance, the combination of ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone)...

While Rosacea and Diffused Redness cannot be completely cured, we can offer many treatments and skincare options which, along with...

Over the last few years, biofilm research has expanded considerably and revealed that biofilms are probably the most common form...

There is nothing worse than a client spending all that time filling out a consultation form, only to have the...

The efficacy of a topical hydroxy acid is determined by two major factors – the bioavailable concentration and the vehicle...

There are many factors that can both impact and affect our body temperature and should be considered during a consultation....

Psoriasis is a global condition that affects many with stress being a triggering factor. It is an autoimmune disease that...

The Innate Immune System is the first defense system to protect against invading organisms, hence it’s very powerful presence in...

Research has found that acne skins are triggered by increased male hormones called Androgens; Higher levels of testosterone are recorded...

The sebaceous gland is such an important gland!It helps maintain the hydration of the skin and in fact, it provides...

In fact they take up 20% of the cytoplasm of the cell and they are forever changing their shape, they...

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is found in almost every cell of the body and is the genetic material that is essential...

Hives which are also known as urticaria, welts, weals or nettle rash will appear as a red, raised, itchy skin...

So much importance is put on the appearance of our skin and how aesthetically pleasing it appears to both ourselves...

Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation is a temporary pigmentation that follows and injury. Post inflammatory hyperpigmentation is defined as an acquired disorder...

In simple terms, Melasma can be caused by hormones. Scientifically, Melanocyte-stimulating hormone describes a group of hormones produced by the...

There are many different types of pigmentation and treatments vary depending on the cause and the type. The discolouration can...

Melanin is a skin pigment. It occurs in both humans and animals, and is what makes hair, skin, and eyes...